改版卷首语     …………………………………………………………………………（3）

·语言研究·

汉语“名动包含”格局对英语学习的负迁移………………………沈家煊（4）

论元与题元角色及其理论地位…………………………………………高明乐（23）

儿童隐喻性范畴理解能力发展研究…………………………………旷怡周榕（40）

南京城市形象的话语建构  ………………………………………………袁周敏（53）

·文学研究·

评怀德曼的编史元小说《法农》…………………………………………陈红（68）

穿梭时空女孩的创伤之旅

——解读怀特黑德的《地下铁道》………………………………………承华（80）

·翻译研究·

现实译名问题的修辞思考  ………………………………………………陈小慰（91）

·书刊评介·

高屋建瓴，雕梁画柱

——评《问题驱动的广义修辞论》……………………………………白兆麟（104）

投稿须知与本刊部分稿例………………………………………………………（110）

汉语“名动包含”格局对英语学习的负迁移

沈家煊

中国社会科学院语言研究所

摘要：本文通过分析说明，英语“名动分立”而汉语“名动包含”，英汉两种语言这一根本性的差别对中国学生的英语学习产生广泛的负迁移作用，包括词类误用、冠词缺失、动词形态缺失及过度使用、be的过度生成、否定词误用误解等。对汉语语法特点的语言学认识，这是英语教师应该具备的素质。教师设法让学生体悟两种语言影响全局的根本性差异，才能做到纲举目张，举一反三。

关键词：英语二语；汉语；名动包含；负迁移

[中图分类号] H0     [文献标识码] A    [文章编号] 1672-4720(2018)01-0004-19

Negative transfer of Chinese nominalism in learning

English as a second language

Abstract: While noun and verb are in exclusive opposition in English, in Chinese they are in inclusive opposition, in which nouns constitute a super-noun category with verb as its sub-category. In other words, all verbs in Chinese are in fact verbal nouns. The interference of this Chinese Nominalism in learning English as second language by Chinese students is deep and wide-spread, including various word class mistakes, missing of articles, missing and over-use of verb inflections, over-use of copula be, and mistakes in using and understanding negatives. A qualified English teacher in China must have a linguistic knowledge of his mother tongue and try to let his students realize the major difference of fundamental importance between English and Chinese.

Keywords: ESL; Chinese; nominalism; negative transfer

论元与题元角色及其理论地位

高明乐

北京语言大学外国语学部

摘要：论元和题元角色是不同语言的句法和语义研究的基础。它们不仅是语言学问题，而且也涉及到人类认知模式在语言方面的反映，是人类语言的共有因素。经过理论语言学的不断发展和完善，研究者们对论元和题元角色这两个重要的语言学概念有了比较深入的了解。然而，目前这两个概念仍然被不少人混淆，并且对其内在机制的认识还不够清晰。本文围绕论元和题元角色的语法性质、其在语言学中的重要理论意义和存在的问题做了分析。

关键词：论元；论元结构；题元角色

 [中图分类号] H0    [文献标识码] A    [文章编号] 1672-4720(2018)01-0023-17

On syntactic argument and thematic roles

Abstract: Argument and thematic role, the fundamental linguistic concepts, concern themselves with not only language proper but also its cognitive aspects that are universal to all human languages. With the development of the modern theoretical linguistics, the researchers have gained a better insight into the two concepts though quite a few of them are still confused with each other, and not very clear about their inner mechanism. The paper intends to analyze the grammatical properties of argument and thematic role and the problems in the relevant theories while presenting their linguistic significance.

Keywords: argument; argument structure; thematic role

儿童隐喻性范畴理解能力发展研究

  旷怡周榕

华南师范大学外国语言文化学院

摘要：本研究基于隐喻生涯模式，采用选词填空和句子解释两种测试形式，考查了小学二年级到六年级儿童在类比情况下，隐喻性范畴理解能力的发展趋势和特点。结果发现：小学三至四年级是儿童初步理解隐喻性范畴这一跨越常规范畴的语言形式的过渡时期；小学阶段的儿童虽然在抽象思维上有了一定发展，但在理解隐喻性范畴时主要还是基于外部特征相似性，暂时还不能很好地理解以类比/关系为基础的隐喻；儿童在理解类比/关系隐喻时显著倾向于采取范畴加工方式，而在理解外部特征隐喻和混合隐喻时采取的两种加工方式无显著差异。

关键词：儿童；隐喻性范畴；理解能力；发展特点

[中图分类号] H0     [文献标识码] A    [文章编号] 1672-4720(2018)01-0040-13

Children’s developmental ability of metaphorical

categorization comprehension

Abstract: This research, based on career of metaphor hypothesis, examines children’s comprehension ability and developmental characteristics of metaphorical categorization under a condition of analogic reasoning. Results show that: 1. Children’s comprehension ability enhances as their age increases and the third and fourth grade is a transition period of comprehending such process of categorization for children; 2. Children rely more on external similarities when comprehending metaphorical categorization and those based on internal relations are more difficult for children to understand, which has much to do with the relative developmental hysteresis of their abstract thinking and analogic abilities; 3. Children adopt different comprehension strategies in comprehending different types of metaphorical categories: categorization processing is mainly adopted in comprehending analogic/relational metaphorical categories, and there is no difference in the adoption of either categorization or comparison processing in the other two types of metaphorical categories.

Keywords: children; metaphorical categorization; comprehension ability; developmental characteristics

南京城市形象的话语建构

袁周敏

南京邮电大学外国语学院

摘要：本研究以“十二五”期间《光明日报》和China Daily有关南京城市形象的报道为语料，结合话语建构论和文化话语研究框架，从话语主体、话语主题和话语形式三个方面考察了南京城市形象的话语建构。研究发现，样本媒体中话语主体主要集中在政府官员和企业组织成员上，但同时专家学者和普通居民话语权的增多也表明了话语主体多元化的趋势；针对话语主题，样本媒体均从政府民生、历史文化、经济发展、环境景观四个方面建构南京城市形象且均在历史文教方面笔墨最重，环境景观相对较少，同时体现出中国打造廉洁之都、创新之城的决心。样本报道主要采用事件通讯和概貌通讯，即倾向于事件描述、政策介绍再现南京城市形象，从而侧重于物化呈现，缺少人化叙事。南京城市形象建构体现了与城市历史、国家政治和传统文化间的互动。文章认为媒体话语反映了社会现实与社会变迁，同时也塑造着人们对南京的认知并且对城市形象建构产生现实的影响。文章最后对南京城市形象的话语建构提出了一些建议。

关键词：南京；城市形象构建；话语建构；文化话语研究；媒体话语

[中图分类号] H0     [文献标识码] A    [文章编号] 1672-4720(2018)01-0053-15

Discursive construction of Nanjing city image

Abstract: The article carries out an analysis of the subjects，contents and forms in the media discourse of Nanjing city image. The data were drawn from Guangmin Daily（in Chinese）and China Daily（in English）ranging from the first day of 2011 to the final day of 2015 which is officially named as China’s 12th Five Year Plan. The analysis shows that:（1）although a substantial part of the subjects are members from the government, business groups and organizations, the voices of professionals and ordinary citizens have occupied a certain proportion, highlighting the trend of diversity in discourse subjects;（2）sample reports have delineated Nanjing from four aspects: government and people’s livelihood, history, culture and education, economy and development, environment and landscape, among which history, culture and education hold a dominant place while environment and landscape inferior, revealing a determination in building a capital of honest governance and city of innovation;（3）sample media favor news story of events and overview, that is to say, they give us a portrait of Nanjing by describing hot issues, introducing policies, suggesting a need for humanizing reports in which individual growth is reported with the city’s development and national progress;（4）the construction of Nanjing image reflects an interaction between media discourse and China’s politics and traditional culture. The article then concludes that the media discourse of Nanjing city image is a reflection of social changes and realities, working as a catalyst to shape people’s view toward Nanjing reality and to mold the practice of the construction. A fusion of the discursive constructivism and the CDS perspective provides us with a powerful theoretical and methodological framework in accounting for Nanjing city image construction in political and cultural context of China. Also, the study puts forward some suggestion for the discursive construction of Nanjing’s city image.

Keywords: Nanjing; city image construction; discursive construction; CDS; media discourse

评怀德曼的编史元小说《法农》

陈红

广东外语外贸大学英语教育学院

摘要：本文在林达·哈琴后现代诗学理论的观照下，研究约翰·爱德加·怀德曼的长篇小说《法农》。该著以编史元小说的形式跨越了历史、传记与自传之间的边界。元小说的过程模仿艺术体现了作者“真实与虚构不必对抗”的创作理念，表现了他对摩尼教式二元对立思维的颠覆。历史与当下并置突显了种族分界线对非裔青少年的戕害。自/传的嵌入见证了当代美国底层非裔的被“囚”之痛，书写了被遗忘者的个人历史。该著以编史元小说的方式，有机链接了后现代的自由言说精神和族裔关怀主题，集中体现了作者“所有的故事都是真的”的非洲哲学观。

关键词：怀德曼；《法农》；编史元小说

[中图分类号] I106    [文献标识码] A    [文章编号] 1672-4720(2018)01-0068-12

On Wideman’s historiographic metafiction Fanon

Abstract:This paper analyzes John Edgar Wideman’s novel Fanon in the light of Linda Hutcheon’s postmodern poetics. This novel, in the form of historiographic metafiction, cuts across the borders of history, biography and autobiography. The metafictional art actualizes Wideman’s concept that “fact and fiction don’t have to fight against each other”, and enacts his subversion of the Manichean thought of binary opposition. The juxtaposition of history and present foregrounds the harm of the color-line to the African American youth. The embedding of auto/biography bears witness to the intractable pain of “living imprisonment” of the contemporary African Americans underclass, and inscribes the personal history of the silenced. The novel, in the form of historiographic metafiction, fuses the postmodern spirit of heteroglossia with subtle ethnic thematic concerns, reflecting the African philosophy that “all stories are true”.

Keywords: Wideman; Fanon; historiographic metafiction

穿梭时空女孩的创伤之旅——解读怀特黑德的《地下铁道》

承华

上海立信会计金融学院外国语学院

摘要：本文以美国非裔作家科尔森·怀特黑德的新作《地下铁道》为个案，聚焦于文本的创伤解读，运用创伤理论分析怀特黑德如何通过创伤叙事手段来揭露奴隶制度对个人乃至整个非裔少数民族造成的创伤和苦难。指出作品对“美国梦”进行了反讽，体现了当代知识分子对美国黑奴历史和种族问题“旧伤”以及人权平等的全面反思。

关键词：科尔森·怀特黑德；《地下铁道》；创伤

[中图分类号] I106    [文献标识码] A    [文章编号] 1672-4720(2018)01-0080-11

Traumatic journey of a slave girl on time machine in Whitehead’s

The Underground Railroad

Abstract: This paper focuses on the African-American writer Colson Whitehead’s new novel The Underground Railroad. With insights from trauma theory, the present paper illuminates how Whitehead exposes the trauma and wounds imposed by slavery on the individual and the whole marginalized groups. It is argued that the work satirizes the American dream and articulates the contemporary intellectual’s concerns on the history of American black slaves, race issues and human equality.

Keywords: Colson Whitehead; The Underground Railroad; trauma

现实译名问题的修辞思考

陈小慰

福州大学外国语学院

摘要：本文在阐述译名修辞本质的基础上，对现实社会生活中译名发挥的修辞功能从正反两方面进行分析解读，从修辞角度探究译名这一特殊实践领域。修辞层面思考译名问题旨在提高对译名修辞内涵的认识，由此提高译名翻译质量，使其更好地发挥国家内外的语言服务功能，树立国家在国际舞台上的更好形象。

关键词：现实译名；译文受众；修辞本质；修辞功能；修辞实践

[中图分类号] H059    [文献标识码] A   [文章编号] 1672-4720(2018)01-0091-13

Rhetorical analysis and practice of real-world name translation

Abstract: This article aims to explore the translation of names and terms, a special practice area, within the framework of contemporary rhetoric. Based on an analysis and discussion of the rhetorical nature and functions of some names and terms in the real world, the article tries to draw attention to the importance of the translator’s awareness of the rhetorical undertone in their translation so as to do a better job and to make the translation better build a positive image of China and better provide internal and external language services in the interest of China.

Keywords: translation of real-world names and terms; target audience; rhetorical nature; rhetorical function; rhetorical practice