·卷首语·

历史大循环：语言→言语→行为→语言………………………林大津 （3）

·语言模因面面观·

特约主持人语……………………………………………………………何自然（5）

公共话语中的谐音仿拟模因……………………………………………何自然（7）

网络语言模因扩散与传播地图标注研究……………………曹 进 梁海英（19）

语言和翻译的进化研究模式……………………………………………樊林洲（33）

·通往生命终点的对话·

特约主持人语……………………………………………………………高一虹（44）

肿瘤科和安宁疗护医患沟通话语研究

——国际期刊文献计量分析……………………………………………黄 芳（45）

中文“生前预嘱”的语篇设计意图与使用反馈……………卜晓晖 高一虹（60）

“蓝鲸”自杀游戏任务的语言特征及其诱导的渐进性……………孙铭徽（73）

·修辞学研究对象新思考·

特约主持人语……………………………………………………………林大津（90）

语料库在口译教学中的应用：语用修辞观

………………………………………………宋晓舟 谢玉姣 陈博涵 张 愉（91）

沉默是金也可能是渣：人际修辞中隐身角色精神分析……………陈荟夷（101）

·书刊评介·

《为什么只有人类：语言与演化》评介……………………………杨烈祥（107）

CONTENTS

Editorial……………………………………………………LIN Dajin XIE Chaoqun (3)

Aspects of Language Memes

Introduction……………………………………………………………… HE Ziran(5)

Homophonically-simulated memes in public discourse…………………HE Ziran(7)

Route labeling of net-meme diffusion and communication

…………………………………………………………CAO Jin LIANG Haiying(19)

The evolutionary models of studying language change and translation

………………………………………………………………………FAN Linzhou(33)

Dialogue towards the End of LifeIntroduction ……………………GAO Yihong(44)

A bibliometric analysis of research in international journals on communication in

oncology and palliative care………………………………………HUANG Fang(45)

The Chinese living will: Design rationale and user feedback

………………………………………………………PU Xiaohui GAO Yihong(60)

Linguistic features and persuasive progressivity in the tasks of “Blue Whale” suicidal

game…………………………………………………………………SUN Minghui(73)

Perspectives on Rhetorical StudiesIntroduction ………………………LIN Dajin(90)

A study on corpus-based interpreting teaching: Perspectives of pragmatics and rhetoric

……………………SONG Xiaozhou XIE Yujiao CHEN Bohan ZHANG Yu(91)

Silence as gold or rubbish: A psychoanalysis of invisibleness in interpersonal rhetoric

………………………………………………………………………CHEN Huiyi(101)

Book Review

Robert C. Berwick & Noam Chomsky. 2016. Why Only Us: Language and

Evolution …………………………………………………………YANG Liexiang(107)

·主持人语 ·

语言模因面面观…………………………………………………….特约主持人：何自然

公共话语中的谐音仿拟模因

何自然

广东外语外贸大学

摘 要：公共话语模因是社会公共领域内流传的语言模因。模因宿主在元信息的

基础上通过模仿、复制，从公共话语的各个层面表征出各种各样变体。在元信息

基础上的模仿可以分别是话语在形、音、义方面的仿拟变异。本文作为语言模因

与公共话语研究系列之一，着重讨论模仿元信息发音或声调而形成的谐音仿拟模

因及其种种变异，研究它们的分类、应用、传播以及形成动因。全文主要分以下

部分进行讨论：先介绍什么是公共话语，然后谈论仿拟、parody和语言模因的区

别；探讨谐音仿拟模因及变异类别，最后评议谐音仿拟模因的传播动因与社会效

果。

关键词：公共话语；仿拟；语言模因；谐音仿拟模因；模因变异

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.01he

Homophonically-simulated memes in public discourse

HE Ziran

Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

Abstract: Memes in public discourse are linguistic memes spread in social public spheres. The

meme-host, on the basis of meta-information, produces all kinds of meme variations at different

levels of the public discourse. Based on the meta-information, the imitation may become simulated variations of the discourse in forms, sounds and meanings. As one of the serial studies in Linguistic Memes and Public Discourse, this paper, dealing with the imitation of sounds and tones of meta-information, focuses on the homophonic-simulated memes and their variations, studies their classification, application and transmission, as well as the motives for their creation. Here in this paper we will discuss as follows: introduction to public discourse, difference of simulation, parody, and linguistic memes, classification of homophonic-simulated memes and their variations. Finally, we will have a critical assessment of the motives for memes spreading and their social effects .

Keywords: public discourse; simulation; linguistic memes; homophonic-simulated memes;

memetic variations

网络语言模因扩散与传播地图标注研究

曹进 梁海英

西北师范大学

摘 要：网络流行语究就其本质而言是一种语言创新，其流行过程也是网络语言

模因扩散增殖的过程。文章以罗杰斯(2016)的创新扩散为理论基础，以 Paull(2009)

的模因地图为标注方法，探究“霸座”作为一个网络模因的演绎渐进途径。以创

新扩散为基础的“模因地图”在视觉上更加直观地展示了模因在时间和空间上的

传播和扩散路径，具有较好的工具性和实用性。模因地图丰富了模因理论的研究

体系，拓宽了其应用范围，为观察模因的时间和空间分布、研究模因发展进路标

注提供了新的启示。

关键词：网络模因；网络流行语；创新扩散；模因地图

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.02cao

Route labeling of net-meme diffusion and communication

CAO Jin LIANG Haiying

Northwest Normal University

Abstract: Internet buzzwords are essentially a kind of language innovation, and their popularization process is one in which netizens innovate language and make it diffuse and proliferate. Based on Rogers’ (2016) innovation diffusion theory and Paull’s (2009) meme-map method, this paper explores the gradual way of deduction of “bazuo” as an internet meme. Meme-map shows how memes spread and diffuse in time and space more clearly in a visual way. It has good instrumentality and practicability. It enriches the theoretical research system of memes, broadens its application scope, and provides a new method for labeling the developing route of net-memes.

Keywords: net-memes；net-buzzwords；diffusion of innovations；meme maps

语言和翻译的进化研究模式

樊林洲

兰州大学

摘 要：本世纪交替前后，基于模因理论的广义进化理论对语言和语言应用提出

了不同于传统观点的见解和理论,取得了重要成果：Ritt(2004)认为语言是一个神

经链接模式系统，构建了一个人类语言能力体系；Mufwene(2001,2008)提出语言

形成社团的方式和物种形成种群的方式相同，生态环境促使语言变化和选择；

Chesterman(1997)创立并阐述了翻译模因是观念在翻译理论中传播的思想。这些研

究能够解释传统方法难以解释的一些语言历史现象，还能加深我们对语言历史过

程的理解，或者给我们提供了一种看待翻译和文化进化方法的新见解，从而有可

能进一步启发能够用经验来检验的一些假设，推动语言和语言应用研究的发展。

关键词：广义进化理论;语言变化;语言形成;翻译传播观念

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.03fan

The evolutionary models of studying language change and translation

FAN Linzhou

Lanzhou University

Abstract: At the turn of the century, various achievements have been made on linguistic change and linguistic applications, which are founded on memetics of the generalized evolutionary theory. These theories, different from the traditional ones, include: (a) Ritt’s (2004) surmise that language is a system of neural link model, and his establishment of a system of human linguistic competence; (b) Mufwene’s (2001, 2008) conjectures that a language forms a population in the same way that a species does, and ecology, that is, languages and the speakers are embedded in an

environment; (c) Chesterman’s (1997) assumption that memes of translation are the diffusion of

ideas in translation theory. The results of the studies mentioned above have shed light on some

historical linguistic phenomena which cannot be explained by the established theories. They help in furthering our understanding of the essential elements which motivate language change, and they give us insights into the new ways of translation and cultural evolution. Furthermore, they may help in verifying empirically testable hypotheses and facilitating linguistic research and applications.

Keywords: generalized evolutionary theory; language change; language formation; translation

spreading ideas

·主持人语 ·

通往生命终点的对话………………………………………………………..特约主持人：高一虹

肿瘤科和安宁疗护医患沟通话语研究

——国际期刊文献计量分析

黄芳

北京大学

摘 要：良好的医患沟通对于肿瘤科和安宁疗护患者在疾病治疗和临终阶段获取

高质量的医疗服务和积极的心理精神支持至关重要。本文以 SSCI和 SCI数据库

中 1975至 2018年间肿瘤科和安宁疗护医患沟通为研究主题的论文为数据来源，

使用软件 CiteSpace 5.3进行文献计量分析。研究发现：该领域逐渐得到不同学科

研究者的关注；发文量前三位的国家分别为美国、澳大利亚和荷兰。近几年的研

究热点包括临终关怀沟通、医患沟通的情感因素和跨学科医疗团队内部沟通话语

研究。

关键词：医患沟通；肿瘤科；安宁疗护；文献计量

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.04huang

A bibliometric analysis of research in international journals on

communication in oncology and palliative care

HUANG Fang

Peking University

Abstract: Good healthcare professional-patient communication in oncology and palliative care is essential for patients to acquire high-quality health care and positive psychological support. To investigate the developmental trend and hot research topics in this field, this paper analyzed the

papers in SSCI & SCI database from 1975 to 2018. The data were analyzed with the bibiometric

software CiteSpace 5.3. The study found that this research field has gradually gained the attention of scholars from various disciplines; the top three countries in the number of publications were the

United States, Australia and the Netherlands; hot research topics included communication of end-of-life care, emotional issues in communication and interprofessional communication, which are alos the frontiers of the research field.

Keywords: healthcare professional-patient communication; oncology; palliative care;

Bibliometrics

中文“生前预嘱”的语篇设计意图与使用反馈

卜晓晖1高一虹2

1.深圳市罗湖区黄贝街道办事处 2.北京大学

摘 要：“生前预嘱”在我国是新兴语类，是人们在意识清醒时签署的指示性文件，

说明自己在病危/临终时要或不要哪些医疗护理。本研究借鉴 Fairclough(1992)的话

语三维视角，在前期语篇结构探索基础上，考察其设计意图和使用反馈。设计者

和使用者访谈发现，设计意图注重考量中国社会文化情境特征；使用者总体认可

设计，但在部分结构上有不同于设计者的理解，还对预嘱的完善提出了建议。新

语类的生产和使用充满不同力量的博弈，反映并建构着人们的生死观。

关键词：中文生前预嘱；语类；生产；使用；观念变化

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.05pu

The Chinese living will: Design rationale and user feedback

BU Xiaohui 1 GAO Yihong 2

1. Huangbei Street Office, Luohu District, Shenzhen City 2. Peking University`

Abstract: “Living will” is an emerging genre in China. It is a directive document signed by

terminal patients when they are healthy or conscious, stating what kind of medical care they want or do not want. In light of Fairclough’s (1992) three-tier model of discourse and based on a previous study on the discourse features of the Chinese living will, this study examined the producer’s intention in the discourse design, and the users’ perceptions. Thematic analysis of interview data showed that the producer emphasized contextual features of the Chinese culture in the discourse design. The users’ perceptions were mostly congruent with that of the producer, but differed from her regarding some structural features. They also gave suggestions for improving this emerging genre. The production and consumption of the new genre is a process of negotiation between different forces, reflecting and constructing Chinese cultural values and family relations.

Keywords: Chinese living will; production, use; perception change

“蓝鲸”自杀游戏任务的语言特征及其诱导的渐进性

孙铭徽

北京大学

摘 要：本文以系统功能语法理论中的及物性理论为指导，探究“蓝鲸”自杀游

戏任务的过程类型、动词使用、参与者及环境成分等词汇句法特征和及其语篇布

局，考察“蓝鲸”自杀游戏如何使游戏者逐渐失去主观能动性，进而实现诱导青

少年自杀的意图。通过对“蓝鲸”自杀游戏中 26个有详细文字记录的游戏任务进

行及物性分析，发现：1)游戏任务由物质过程小句和行为过程小句构成。物质过

程小句包含的动词主要有与身体有关的动词、切割动词、刺戳动词、成像动词、

动作动词、社会交际动词，以及宣告动词；行为过程小句动词包含的动词有存在

动词、感知动词、交流动词、状态改变动词等。2)游戏任务中的参与者大致分属

四种语义范畴，分别为身体或身体部位范畴、虚拟符号范畴、现实地点范畴及感

官刺激范畴。3)环境成分大致分属五种语义范畴，分别为身体或身体部位范畴、

现实地点范畴、虚拟空间范畴、时间、频率、、数量范畴以及工具范畴。游戏组织

者通过反复使用“蓝鲸”符号，使游戏参与者去个体化过程逐步实现，对自杀游

戏及自杀组织的群体认同得到建立。他们还诱导参与者进行渐进式的自我伤害，

使游戏者习得自杀能力，最终实施自杀行为。游戏组织者看似给予游戏者自主权

的行为，实际上却剥夺了其真正的自主性。

关键词：“蓝鲸”自杀游戏；青少年；语言诱导；及物性分析

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.06sun

Linguistic features and persuasive progressivity in the tasks of “Blue Whale” suicidal game

SUN Minghui

Peking University

Abstract: In the framework of Halliday’s (1994) Systemic Functional Grammar, this study

examines the lexico-grammatical features and the textual arrangement of the 26 tasks of the “Blue

Whale” suicidal game, aiming to find out how these features work to realize the organizers’ attempt to induce suicide. Findings include: First, 31 clauses are material and behavioral. Verbs in material clauses comprise those involving the body, cutting, poking, image-creation, motion, and social interaction; verbs in behavioral clauses comprise those of existence, perception, communication, and change of state. Second, participants fall into four semantic categories, i.e., body or body part, virtual symbol, real-life locations, and sensory stimuli. Third, circumstances come under five semantic categories, i.e., body or body part, real-life locations, virtual space, time, frequency and number, and instrument. Moreover, the “Blue Whale” symbol appears repeatedly, leading to players’ gradual loss of individual identity and gaining of a social identity of the suicidal group. The organizers also lure players to conduct self-harming behaviors step by step, thus to acquire a suicide capability and eventually to commit suicide. The organizers’ behavior of giving players total control over their body is actually depriving their agency over their lives.

Keywords: “Blue Whale” suicidal game; teenagers; linguistic persuasion; transitivity

·主持人语 ·

修辞学研究对象新思考……………………………………………………特约主持人：林大津

语料库在口译教学中的应用：语用修辞观

宋晓舟1谢玉姣 2陈博涵 3张愉 4

1.福建工程学院 2.福州大学

3.福州市鼓楼区新东方培训学校 4.福建省外国机构服务中心

摘 要：口译与笔译既有共性又有差异，各种翻译策略虽然可通用于口笔译，但

其背后的语用动机和语境制约之下的修辞策略选择，具有较大差异。语料库研究

法的本质是借助海量实例说明问题，但语料库也是可大可小，比如小型圆桌学术

交流口译，相对于各种口译语境下的语料库，聚焦范围较小。虽然较小，但足以

说明译员在小型圆桌学术交流语境下，跨文化交流推动者的身份角色发挥得更加

充分。这种语料库对于口译教学不无启迪。

关键词：学术交流；圆桌会议；语料库；口译教学

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.07song

A study on corpus-based interpreting teaching: Perspectives of pragmatics and rhetoric

SONG Xiaozhou 1 XIE Yujiao 2 CHEN Bohan 3 ZHANG Yu 4

1. Fujian University of Technology 2. Fuzhou University

3. New Oriental Education & Technology Group 4. Fujian Foreign Affairs Service Center

Abstract: There are both differences and similarities between oral interpreting and written translation, and various techniques or strategies can be applied to both. However, differences are

more salient when it comes to the pragmatic motivations and rhetorical choices constrained by

different contexts. A corpus-based approach to such a study essentially makes full use of large

collections of authentic examples with their sizes varying according to different purposes. Interpreting for a small round-table meeting focused on a certain academic topic, for example, needs a much smaller set of authentic examples than that for other settings. Small as it is, such a corpus may fully demonstrate the role of an intercultural mediator an interpreter plays at a round-table meeting for academic exchanges. A corpus-based approach of this nature has its implications for classroom teaching of interpreting.

Keywords: academic exchanges; round-table meeting; corpus; interpreting teaching

沉默是金也可能是渣：

人际修辞中隐身角色精神分析

陈荟夷

福建师范大学

摘 要：英语 rhetoric和汉语“修辞”二字，在中西修辞研究者和普通读者眼中，

带有不同语义联想。即使在当代语境中，西方非修辞研究者往往将 rhetoric与“空

谈”或“妖言惑众”形成联想，而汉语读者往往将“修辞”与各种修辞技巧运用

中形成的“妙语连珠”“妙笔生花”等形成美好联想。随着西方当代修辞学和中国

广义修辞学的传播，越来越多的研究者发现修辞研究涉猎众多话语类型，甚至对

交流场合中“不着一字”“沉默无语”也有很大的阐释力。交际场合中的“在场隐

身”既可以体现“隐身人”的高尚品质，也可以说明“隐身人”无所作为的混混

德性，耐人寻味，值得修辞分析。

关键词：言语交际；在场隐身；沉默无语；修辞分析

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.08chen

Silence as gold or rubbish: A psychoanalysis of invisibleness in interpersonal rhetoric

CHEN Huiyi

Fujian Normal University

Abstract: “Rhetoric” in the West and “xiuci(修辞)” in China have different connotations for

rhetoric researchers and ordinary communicators in their different language communities. Common Western language users often associate “rhetoric” with “empty talk” or “deception”, while most Chinese speakers tend to relate “xiuci修辞” to wittiness and sophistication brought about by rhetorical devices. With rhetorical studies in the West and Big Rhetoric in China gaining popularity, more and more researchers have started exploring various types of discourse and even so-called blankness and invisibleness in communication, which may reveal the virtues of “the invisible communicator” or his vices of doing nothing but for his own fame and gain. All this is worthy of rhetorical exploration and appaisal.

Keywords: verbal communication; invisibleness; silence; rhetorical analysis

《为什么只有人类：语言与演化》评介

杨烈祥

广西大学

Robert C. Berwick & Noam Chomsky. 2016. Why Only Us: Language and Evolution.

Cambridge: The MIT Press. viii + 215 pp. ISBN: 9780262034241 (hbk).

DOI:10.19716/j.1672-4720.2019.01.09yang